Webb, N. L. (1997). Criteria for
alignment of expectations and assessments in mathematics and science
education (NISE Research Monograph No. 6). Madison: University of
Wisconsin–Madison, National Institute for Science Education.
Washington,
DC: Council of Chief State School
Officers.
This report examines the
advantages of aligning state standards in an effort to examine systemic and
standards-based education reforms in mathematics and science. Twelve
criteria for evaluating alignment are grouped into five categories including
content focus, articulation across grades and ages, equality and fairness,
pedagogical implications, and system applicability.